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How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas?

2022-12-14 Education
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PBS Space Time
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To Learn More Languages Check Out: https://speakly.app.link/Speakly PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Supercritical Fluids are one the strangest states of matter and yet they are found everywhere from Decaf Coffee, to dry cleaning, to the atmosphere of Jupiter. When we think of an exotic state of matter we tend to think of the really weird things that matter can do in extreme circumstances - like how at very high temperatures we get the plasma that the sun is made of, or at extreme densities we get the nuclear matter of neutron stars. But there’s one state of matter - supercritical fluid - that’s not solid, liquid or gas, but is also not confined to extreme or rare environments. In fact, there are planets in our solar system completely covered with oceans of the stuff, and you’ve often been the beneficiary of its powers without even knowing it. Special Thanks to Nigel Braun. Check out his episodes on Supercritical Fluids: https://youtu.be/JslxPjrMzqY Making Aerogel: https://youtu.be/Y0HfmYBlF8g Felix Flicker’s talk on quasi-magnetic monopoles https://youtu.be/S3xH97Su-KY Latest paper on the detection of an active galaxy by Ice Cube https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.09972.pdf Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Fernando Franco Felix & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Caique Oliveira, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2022 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Supporters Tim O’Rourke Devin Wiley Ryan Salsamendi Steffen Bendel Gautam Shine Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Leo Koguan Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Amy Hickman Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal Quasar Supporters Glenn Sugden Alex Kern Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Christina Oegren Mark Heising Hank S Hypernova Ankur Anand Ryan Moser David Giltinan Ivari Tölp Vyce Ailour Brandon Paddock Ken S Gregory Forfa Kirk Honour drollere Joe Moreira Bradley Voorhees Marc Armstrong Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков John R. Slavik Mathew David S. Cerutti Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Joseph Salomone chuck zegar Jordan Young John Hofmann Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Supporters Hypothasies Justin Lloyd Chuck Lukaszewski Edward Hodapp Kevin Tillery Cole Marc Forand D. Delair Walter Montalvo Andrea Galvagni Larka Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma Alexander Gruber Jonathan Cordovano John Anderson Scott Hannum Paul Widden Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story teng guo Mason Dillon Harsh Khandhadia Thomas Tarler Sean McCaul Susan Albee Frank Walker Matt Q MHL SHS Terje Vold James Trimmier Anatoliy Nagornyy comboy Andre Stechert Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh Nubble Ramon Nogueira The Mad Mechanic Ellis Hall John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Alex Edwards Ádám Kettinger MD3 Endre Pech Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Geoffrey Clarion Russ Creech Jeremy Reed Eric Webster David Johnston Web Browser Michael Barton Mr T Andrew Mann Isaac Suttell Devon Rosenthal Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Robert Walter Mirik Gogri Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Nickolas Andrew Freeman Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Tonyface John Robinson Jim Hudson A G David Neal justahat John Funai Tristan Bradley Jenkins Daniel Stříbrný Luaan Cody Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith DFaulk Sam Long

Top Comments (10)

@borttorbbq2556 2022-12-14

I'm really happy that he was willing to let you guys use his visuals because understanding it when actually seeing it happen is really interesting. His video was excellent and I loved how he actually went through the process multiple different times to try and go with which was really cool

1.5k 28 replies
@Ryan6.022 2022-12-14

Worth mentioning while nilered shot that footage the device was provided by Ben over at applied science. He has an amazing YouTube channel where he discusses and explores all sorts of technical things. He built his own scanning electron microscope and made a liquid nitrogen generator.

698 11 replies
@concrete_dog 2022-12-15

This really feels like an "It's not a bug, it's a feature" component of our universe

507 3 replies
@CaptainCuttlefish74 2022-12-14

I knew about supercritical fluids, but I never realized how important they are. It's honestly kind of wild that so many mundane things rely on such a weird state of matter.

464 8 replies
@pbsspacetime 2022-12-14

For those who skip the comments: there will be an end of year AMA on the channel on Monday, December 19th @ 4pm EST. We hope to see you there!

443 30 replies
@NiffirgkcaJ 2022-12-15

I really love it when scientific channels collaborate and let each other borrow each other's visuals to explain things much more easier.

327 1 replies
@TheDaggwood 2022-12-14

For those curious on triple points, a very tangible example is found in geology. The crystals andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite are made of the same material. But the pressure and temperature experienced when cooling determines what crystal precipitates. A single chunk of rock can naturally have all 3 types forming alongside each other. It's beautiful.

262 7 replies
@WestOfEarth 2022-12-14

Was hoping you'd mention Venus. This fact isn't widely shared, and to me it's one of the most fascinating aspects of Venus.

134 8 replies
@vanderkarl3927 2022-12-14

Yoooo happy to see NileRed's footage (with permission) in this video! It really is a great demonstration, he made some great videos on supercritical fluids.

66 1 replies
@NATESOR 2022-12-20

Dry cleaner here. Many of us are still using a chemical called Perc (Perchloroethylene) to dry clean. It's extremely non-polar so it is great for addressing oil stains. Under ideal conditions, basically all of it is distilled off and reused. If anyone is worried about it sticking to clothes, they should know that it evaporates very readily and by the time you put it on it will be totally gone.

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