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Civilization #58: Birth of the Nation-State

2025-06-05 People & Blogs
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Predictive History
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Description

Nationalism is the main cause of World War One. How and why did it originate? In this talk to his Beijing high school students, Jiang Xueqin explains that nationalism was a response to religious, economic, and cultural challenges in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Protestant Reformation produced a crisis of faith in people, and many made the nation-state into their new religion. The Industrial Revolution made the bourgeoisie the new dominant elite, and they demanded property rights that only the nation-state could guarantee. Rapid industrialization and urbanization caused alienation and disorientation, which led people to embrace the nation-state for community and direction. References: 1. Seeing Like a State by James Scott 2. Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson 3. The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4. The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt 5. The Open Society by Karl Popper

Top Comments (10)

@CrackinJacks138 2025-06-09

I never want this class to end

249 6 replies
@Joe-un1tl 2025-06-05

These lectures are gold. Please continue teacher

102
@drivingtothesouth 2025-06-05

Watching from Brasil! Great class

93 2 replies
@thattimestampguy 2025-06-05

0:26 Nation and State 0:26 State = Supreme Executive Authority. 0:46 Nation = A People Group, A Culture, (usually because of some shared quality, for example shared language, amongst a particular group of people) 2:07 Protestant Reformation Crisis. 2:50 How does an individual know he or she *Truly Believes* in God? 3:37 Capitalism: Money is God 4:14 Enlightenment: Reason is God. 4:32 Individualism: Individual is God. 5:26 Celebrating Nation means Celebrating God. 6:44 Economics • Industrial Revolution 🏭 • Economic Expansion • Imperialism. • Bourgeoise. • Desire for Property • Desire for Wealth Transfer to family members. 9:32 Social Cultural Aspect of Nations • Urbanization 🏙️🌆🌃 • Systemization ⚙️ • Standardization • Mobility of People 🚗 • Mobility of Goods 🚛 • Mobility of Ideas 💡 🛜 • Literacy 📖 • Information ℹ️ 13:33 Why The Nation works 1. Religion 2. Economy 3. Social-Cultural Combined. Transformed. 13:50 Game Theory. • Individual Players • Group Game. 16:00 1. Enlightenment 2. Romanticism 18:25 Man surrenders Rights in exchange for Security. • The Government (is supposed to) exists of the people, by the people, for the people. 21:08 Anti-French Empire Resentment. Thumb down👎🏼🇫🇷 23:52 Nation-State • The People • Bourgeoisie • Standardization and Systemization. Monarchy 👑 • Bureaucracy is the Ultimate Authority • Aristocracy • Shifting Alliances 35:00 Enlightenment • Science • Reason • Liberty Romanticism • Nature • Emotions • Will/Struggle 35:55 The Jews in Europe. 40:48 Charles Darwin, (1859) Scientific Realism *World War I and World War II* 52:40 • Glory

90 3 replies
@temirlanabdrakhmanov3075 2025-09-23

Watching from Kazakhstan, planning to finish all of your lectures , thanks for your contribution for open source education

55 1 replies
@ripndipp 2025-10-09

I'm a computer engineer thank you for contributing to open source education

47 1 replies
@BaysideShrimp 2025-07-09

This is a high-quality lecture for free. That's one good thing about the Industrial Revolution 😅

17
@thebugman8696 2025-08-22

The sobering and dispassionate analysis of some very controversial topics is very refreshing. Even if it is perhaps a bit too simplified.

9
@zhelwankarkuky9173 2026-01-07

As a Kurd I wasn't expecting professor Jiang to mention us so I guess my enjoyment of him doing so proves much more what he is proposing

5 1 replies
@NamLe-y3l1n 2026-01-29

Identity politics as celebration of individual helplessness: brillantly phrased! I always felt this but couldnt put to words

4

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