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Have We SOLVED The Black Hole Information Paradox with Wormholes?

2022-06-15 Education
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PBS Space Time
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Black holes are very real, but are also a theoretical nightmare. It turns out that in order to make sense of their paradoxical nature, every black hole has to be thought of as a multitude of imaginary black holes, all connected by wormholes. And you thought the universe couldn’t get any weirder. Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Prior Episodes Mentioned In this Video: Black Hole Information Paradox - https://youtu.be/9XkHBmE-N34 How Quantum Entanglement Creates Entropy - https://youtu.be/vgYQglmYU-8 Holographic Principle - https://youtu.be/klpDHn8viX8 Feynman’s Infinite Paths - https://youtu.be/vSFRN-ymfgE Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Euan McLean & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria GFX Visualizations: Ajay Manuel Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executives in Charge (PBS): Adam Dylewski, Maribel Lopez Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2022 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters Big Bang Adam Hillier Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Charlie Leo Koguan Ahmad Jodeh Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Amy Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Fabrice Eap Mark Rosenthal David Nicklas Quasar Alex Kern Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox Christina Oegren Mark Heising Hank S Hypernova william bryan Gregory Forfa Kirk Honour Mark Evans drollere Joe Moreira Marc Armstrong Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Russell Pope Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков John R. Slavik Mathew Donal Botkin John Pollock Edmund Fokschaner Joseph Salomone chuck zegar Jordan Young Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Harsh Khandhadia Thomas Tarler Sean McCaul Carsten Quinlan Susan Albee Frank Walker Matt Q WhizBangery Avi Yashchin MHL SHS Kory Kirk Terje Vold Anatoliy Nagornyy comboy Brett Baker Jonathan Conerly Andre Stechert Ross Bohner Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh Nubble Scott R Calkins The Mad Mechanic Ellis Hall John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Ben Campbell Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Alex Edwards Ádám Kettinger MD3 Endre Pech Daniel Jennings Cameron Sampson Geoffrey Clarion Darren Duncan Russ Creech Jeremy Reed Eric Webster David Johnston Web Browser Michael Barton Christopher Barron Mr T Andrew Mann Isaac Suttell Devon Rosenthal Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Robert Walter Bruce B Simon Oliphant Mirik Gogri Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Nickolas Andrew Freeman Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Robert Ilardi Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Martin Skans The Art of Sin Graydon Goss Frederic Simon Tonyface John Robinson A G David Neal justahat John Funai Tristan Bradley Jenkins Kyle Hofer Daniel Stříbrný Luaan Cody Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Scott Gossett Dan Warren Patrick Sutton John Griffith Daniel Lyons DFaulk Kevin Warne

Top Comments (10)

@TheFinagle 2022-06-15

I NEVER thought the universe was at maximum weirdness. There's always some way it can surprise you with things that don't seem to make sense, but clearly work anyway.

533 32 replies
@feynmanschwingere_mc2270 2022-06-16

Fun Fact: Two papers, both written by Albert Einstein in 1935, form the foundation of the resolution of the Blackhole Information Paradox. The first, called the EPR Paper, was the first to point out the bizarre properties of quantum entanglement. This might be Einsteins most underrated paper because it essentially started Quantum Information Theory as a field. The second paper Einstein wrote was on Einstein-Rosen Bridges (I.e. wormholes), which are theoretical shortcuts through the spacetime continuum. Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind call this ER = EPR The man was a mind-boggling genius. Even now, 100 years after the fact, Einstein is still spearheading the cutting edge of physics from the grave.

382 42 replies
@deankhalil8147 2022-06-16

I have been waiting my whole life to see a breakthrough in the stalemate between quantum and relativity that doesn't suggest there are a quadrillion dimensions. This does seem promising, I hope to hear more about it.

349 20 replies
@attilathenun 2022-06-15

I really love this video. It feels like the convergence of many disparate ideas that have each stalled for years, but together they become more than the sum of their parts and point us to the next theoretical breakthrough.

319 17 replies
@JamesChuGJ 2022-06-18

"If you can entangle a particle, you can entangle a black hole" gave me the same vibe as "if you can dodge a wrench, you can dodge a ball"

251 7 replies
@deinemam7115 2022-06-16

I watch you now for like 5 years, starting as a high schooler, and now a physics student. And its really nice finally being able to somewhat understand what you say :D

188 7 replies
@jlinder87 2022-06-16

This kind of reminds me of the double-slit experiment. Since nothing outside the black hole's event horizon can observe anything that has crossed over the black hole's event horizon, all versions of the black hole’s collapse exist at once.

144 3 replies
@jamesraymond.1358 2022-06-16

Richard Feynman came to the University of Alaska Fairbanks around the mid 1980s. He gave a public lecture on miniaturization, which I didn't find very interesting. But he also gave a seminar for the physics dept in a tiny classroom n which he described the Feynman path integral. I was amazed that his equation contained terms that had negative probabilities and probabilities greater than 1. Don't worry, he said it will all work out in the end. Sure enough all the weird terms cancelled out. I have marveled at this idea ever since. Thank you Matt for bringing it to our attention..

110 3 replies
@marshall1864 2022-06-16

Thus making Richard Feynman, with his clever mathematical trick (in the highest sense of that word) for QED, the true hero of a story written long after his premature passing. Would that he had lived another couple decades or so, to have possibly discovered it himself. What a wonderful episode.

32
@kiyoaki1985 2022-06-16

One thing I've been wondering about: in ADS/CFT it seems like the event horizons act like boundaries of holographic spacetime, so is every black hole in a way "connected" in that they are all part of the same boundary, or does each of them constitute a different boundary? I mean specifically that they are the boundary of the OUTER spacetime (not the spacetime within the event horizon, but the spacetime outside the black hole).

14

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