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Was Penrose Right? NEW EVIDENCE For Quantum Effects In The Brain

2024-07-25 Education
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PBS Space Time
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Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://www.pbsspacetime.com/shop Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Nobel laureate Roger Penrose is widely held to be one of the most brilliant living physicists for his wide-ranging work from black holes to cosmology. And then there’s his idea about how consciousness is caused by quantum processes. Most scientists have dismissed this as a cute eccentricity—a guy like Roger gets to have at least one crazy theory without being demoted from the supersmartypants club. The most common argument for this dismissal is that quantum effects can’t survive long enough in an environment as warm and chaotic as the brain. Well, a new study has revealed that Penrose’s prime candidate molecule for this quantum activity does indeed exhibit large scale quantum activity. So was Penrose right after all? Are you a quantum entity? PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/ Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Christopher Pollack & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Sponsors Wojciech Szymski First Principles Foundation John Sronce Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Mark Rosenthal Quasar Sponsors Grace Biaelcki Glenn Sugden Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox The Tyacke boys Amy Hickman Mark Heising Hypernova Sponsors Julien Dubois Richard Pavlicek Dean Galvin Michael Tidwell Robert DeChellis Chris Webb David Giltinan Ivari Tölp Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Alex Kern drollere Bradley Voorhees Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков Robert Ilardi John R. Slavik Mathew Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner chuck zegar Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Sponsors Sandhya Devi Michael Oulvey Neil Moore Robin Sur Arko Provo Mukherjee Mike Purvis Christopher Wade Anthony Crossland treborg777 Grace Seraph Stephen Saslow Tomaz Lovsin Anthony Leon Leonardo Schulthais Senna Lori Ferris Dennis Van Hoof Koen Wilde Nicolas Katsantonis Richard Steenbergen Joe Pavlovic Justin Lloyd Chuck Lukaszewski Cole B Combs Andrea Galvagni Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma John Anderson Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story Harsh Khandhadia Matt Quinn Michael Lev Rad Antonov Terje Vold James Trimmier Jeremy Soller Paul Wood Kent Durham jim bartosh John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Polijar Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Daniel Jennings Russ Creech Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Isaac Suttell Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Frederic Simon Tonyface John Robinson Jim Hudson Alex Gan John Funai Adrien Molyneux Bradley Jenkins Vlad Shipulin Thomas Dougherty Dan Warren Joseph Salomone

Top Comments (10)

@Beleg_SB 2024-07-25

My brain is both empty and full at the same time.

2.5k 124 replies
@BlackShardStudio 2024-07-25

This is by far the most lucid explanation of this argument I've ever heard. Fantastic work, Matt. Seriously.

1.8k 21 replies
@oligographer 2024-07-25

I'm a neuroscientist working for patients with rare genetic disorders affecting kinesins, some of the motors that move cargo along microtubules. As a result I'm also familiar with genetic disorders in microtubule, or microtubule-related, genes. Microtubules are quite dynamic - adaptors and motors are constantly applying modifications to the microtubules, and I'm quite curious about how these would play into this paradigm; the microtubule ecosystem would be adapted to supporting this kind of quantum encoding - if it's meaningful. One reason I'm skeptical of this iteration of quantum consciousness is that you would expect microtubule-related mutations to cause disorders with a more profound effect on "consciousness," however you decide to define that. Cognitive symptoms certainly are common and sometimes profound in these disorders, but not in a way that seems fundamentally separated from other neurological disorders. A good follow-up might be: 1) Decide on an operational definition of consciousness, with pre-defined clinical measurements. 2) Look at microtubule-affecting genetic conditions with variable predicted impact on these tryptophan-mediated quantum effects 3) Perform a meta-analysis across studies, and check whether there's any kind of relationship between clinical features of "consciousness" and types of mutations. I'm also skeptical of the Sherlock approach; I'm quite interested in possible quantum effects in neurobiology and there's a ton we don't know about microtubules, but so much of this reminds me of claims that the pineal gland held the soul.

1.4k 188 replies
@drgothboss 2024-07-26

Regarding quantum effects in biological systems, chloroplasts exhibit electron tunneling that increases the efficiency of energy transfer (I spent a few hundred hours measuring this in grad school). While it's not entanglement or on a brain-sized scale, it does show that evolution is capable of tapping into quantum effects even in wet, warm, messy systems. Great video as always!

659 43 replies
@drbabcock 2024-07-29

Thank you for featuring our scientific research! I appreciate how you pointed out that our paper is not at all related to Penrose and Hameroff's conjecture on consciousness. I am grateful for your explanation of how the exciting field of quantum biology has many applications that are not related to highly-speculative quantum consciousness research. Bravo!

612 27 replies
@hoogmonster 2024-07-25

"Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter" - Yoda

458 37 replies
@periurban 2024-07-25

"Sherlocking consciousness" lol

314 28 replies
@Dudleymiddleton 2024-07-25

93, Bless his heart, great man.

241 9 replies
@randypalmer5457 2024-12-15

I find it hard to believe that evolution has not taken advantage of quantum processes.

28 6 replies
@Emilynnial 2024-08-01

Micro-tubules, Midichlorians, hey, who's really keeping track?

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