Surprise MicroRNA Discovery Leads To 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine
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Top Comments (10)
This channel never posts a boring video!! So interesting, thankyou, sir!
I must puff myself up here, for I predicted these mini-genes all the way back in 2001. I suspected that there had to be small RNAs that acted as regulators when I was studying developmental biology and genetics. The fact that cells had to turn genes on and off RAPIDLY during development in cells that were adjacent to each other never made sense to me with only classical genetics. The pathways would take far too long, and there was a high probability of intracellular signal transduction spillover with protein-based pathways. The RNAs for some of the genes in development were too stable to degrade by themselves in the time frame required, and RNA tagging for RNase activity wasn't an option either. So, it only made sense to me that something small must exist that can be created rapidly and bind to the specific RNAs and shut them down swiftly when required for various rapid changes, or to help determine cell fate differences in cells sitting side-by-side. Tiny RNAs fit the bill, and the so-called 'junk' DNA was already known to possess thousands of 'pseudogenes', which were all thought to be non-functional partial duplications of fragments of genes. But to me, the fact that so many were being found to possess promoter regions of the proper functional sequences told me that these tiny genes MUST be functional, otherwise random chance would have resulted in the promoters being mutated into non-functionality. In genetics, when a sequence is preserved to a very high fidelity, even if you don't know what it's doing, IT'S DOING SOMETHING, and you need to study it more until you find out what! So yeah, when miRNAs were confirmed, I was quite pleased to know my hypothesis was correct! What I didn't think of were that the Long Non-Coding RNAs are ALSO turning out to be extremely important regulators in human brain development!
You are correct that we have not found microRNAs in prokaryotes, BUT we have found genes for the Dicer/RISC machinery on which they rely in some archaea species related to the ones we think gave rise to all eukaryotic cell. The reasonable speculation is that this machinery played a role in protecting these prokaryotes from viruses. From there it is only a small leap for multicellular organisms to harness this machinery in cell differentiation.
I did a class research project with mRNA and C elegans a few months ago comparing amyloid plaque expression in control and gene silenced worms, cool to see you mentioning them!
Getting closer to finding out how cells differentiate. Exhilarating and scary! Thank you, ANTON!
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 🫡🙂
Really interesting. Thank you 😊
So when a cell needs to send communicate (inter or intra) it can use ion gradients, micro RNA, messenger RNA, and full proteins. Cool.
😂 so how's that RNA Spike Experiment Coming along ?
6:20 ok haha that was pretty funny 🌈 ❤
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Top Comments (10)
This channel never posts a boring video!! So interesting, thankyou, sir!
I must puff myself up here, for I predicted these mini-genes all the way back in 2001. I suspected that there had to be small RNAs that acted as regulators when I was studying developmental biology and genetics. The fact that cells had to turn genes on and off RAPIDLY during development in cells that were adjacent to each other never made sense to me with only classical genetics. The pathways would take far too long, and there was a high probability of intracellular signal transduction spillover with protein-based pathways. The RNAs for some of the genes in development were too stable to degrade by themselves in the time frame required, and RNA tagging for RNase activity wasn't an option either. So, it only made sense to me that something small must exist that can be created rapidly and bind to the specific RNAs and shut them down swiftly when required for various rapid changes, or to help determine cell fate differences in cells sitting side-by-side. Tiny RNAs fit the bill, and the so-called 'junk' DNA was already known to possess thousands of 'pseudogenes', which were all thought to be non-functional partial duplications of fragments of genes. But to me, the fact that so many were being found to possess promoter regions of the proper functional sequences told me that these tiny genes MUST be functional, otherwise random chance would have resulted in the promoters being mutated into non-functionality. In genetics, when a sequence is preserved to a very high fidelity, even if you don't know what it's doing, IT'S DOING SOMETHING, and you need to study it more until you find out what! So yeah, when miRNAs were confirmed, I was quite pleased to know my hypothesis was correct! What I didn't think of were that the Long Non-Coding RNAs are ALSO turning out to be extremely important regulators in human brain development!
You are correct that we have not found microRNAs in prokaryotes, BUT we have found genes for the Dicer/RISC machinery on which they rely in some archaea species related to the ones we think gave rise to all eukaryotic cell. The reasonable speculation is that this machinery played a role in protecting these prokaryotes from viruses. From there it is only a small leap for multicellular organisms to harness this machinery in cell differentiation.
I did a class research project with mRNA and C elegans a few months ago comparing amyloid plaque expression in control and gene silenced worms, cool to see you mentioning them!
Getting closer to finding out how cells differentiate. Exhilarating and scary! Thank you, ANTON!
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 🫡🙂
Really interesting. Thank you 😊
So when a cell needs to send communicate (inter or intra) it can use ion gradients, micro RNA, messenger RNA, and full proteins. Cool.
😂 so how's that RNA Spike Experiment Coming along ?
6:20 ok haha that was pretty funny 🌈 ❤